Dn'C Model

The Dick and Carey model can provide you with a detailed road map for understanding the importance of using a systematic approach in designing instruction. The system is comprised of a teacher, learner, instructional materials, and learning environment.

The steps prescribed in the Dick and Carey model allow you to pinpoint a clear set of learning objectives, connections between each objective, and an empirical and replicable process. Those steps are:

1. Identify instructional goals- skills, knowledge, attitude (SKA) a learner will acquire

2. Conduct instructional analysis- what must the learner be able to do, recall, and identify

3. Learner persona- identify entry behaviors and learner characteristics, identify target audience's prior knowledge including skills and experience

4. Write performance objectives- describe the criteria (rubric) to be used in judging the learner's performance

5. Develop criterion-referenced test items

6. Develop instructional strategy- activities, content presentation, participation, interactive content, and assessment

7. Develop and select instructional materials

8. Develop and conduct formative evaluation- identify areas of the instructional materials that need improvement

9. Develop and conduct summative evaluation

by Mohammed K. Khalil and Ihsan A. Elkhider

"The main difference between the Dick and Carey model and ADDIE model is that the former includes all the essential phases described in the ADDIE model but with more elaboration. An example of this elaboration is what happens in the analysis phase which facilitates the writing of performance objectives or learning outcomes (i.e., what a learner should be able to do."

Dick and Carey Systems Approach Model

Article:

9 Steps to Apply the Dick and Carey Model in eLearning